FLAC3D Theory and Background • Constitutive Models

Isotropic Consolidation Test with Modified Cam-Clay Model

Note

The project file for this example is available to be viewed/run in FLAC3D.[1] The project’s main data file is shown at the end of this example.

This simple one-zone example exercises the modified Cam-Clay model for a normally consolidated material subjected to several load-unload excursions in an isotropic compression test. Following sentence doesn’t make sense. The initial stresses is at isotropic stress so that σxx = σyy = σzz = -5 kPa. The material properties include the following:

maximum shear modulus (Gmax) 10 MPa
shear modulus (G) 250 kPa
ratio-critical state (M) 1.02
slope of normal consolidation line (λ) 0.2
slope of elastic swelling line (κ) 0.05
pressure reference (p1) 1 kPa
specific volume reference (vλ) 3.32
pressure consolidation (pc0) -5 kPa

The sample is assumed normally isotropic consolidation with OCR = 1, so the initial mean effective pressure and the preconsolidation pressure are the same. Their values are specified using a simple FISH function:

fish define camclay_ini_p
    loop foreach local p_z zone.list
        local mean_p = -(zone.stress.xx(p_z) + zone.stress.yy(p_z) ...
                       + zone.stress.zz(p_z))/3.0 - z.pp(p_z)
        zone.prop(p_z,'pressure-effective') = mean_p
        zone.prop(p_z,'pressure-preconsolidation') = mean_p
    endloop
end

The results are shown in Figure 1, 2, and 3. Figure 1 plots the mean effective pressure history. Figure 2 plots the relation v vs. lnp, which shows the normal consolidation line and elastic swelling lines. In this example, the shear modulus is explicitly specified as an input parameter; it is thus assumed constant, while the bulk modulus is changing with the mean effective pressure. The bulk and shear modulus histories are plotted in Figure 3.

../../../../../_images/modelmcc-pc.png

Figure 1: Pressure versus displacement.

../../../../../_images/modelmcc-vlnp.png

Figure 2: Specific volume versus lnp.

../../../../../_images/modelmcc-shear.png

Figure 3: Bulk and shear moduli versus displacement.

Data File

IsotropicConsolidationModifiedCamClay.dat

;------------------------------------------------------------
; Isotropic compression test on Modified-Cam-clay sample (drained)
;------------------------------------------------------------
model new
model large-strain off
fish automatic-create off
model title "Isotropic compression test for normally consolidated soil"

zone create brick size 1 1 1
zone cmodel assign modified-cam-clay
; --- boundary and initial conditions ---
zone gridpoint fix velocity
zone initialize stress xx -5. yy -5. zz -5.
; --- model properties ---
zone property shear 250. bulk-maximum 10000.
zone property ratio-critical-state 1.02 lambda 0.2 kappa 0.05 
zone property pressure-reference 1. specific-volume-reference 3.32
;
program call 'fishfunctions'
[camclay_ini_p]
; --- histories ---
history interval 20
fish history G
fish history K
fish history p
fish history lnp
fish history v
zone history displacement-z position 0 0 1
; --- test ---
[loadingunloading]
model save 'camiso'

Endnotes

[1]

To view this project in FLAC3D, use the program menu.

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        ⮡   IsotropicConsolidationModifiedCamClay.prj