Modeling Methodology

This is a high level guide to numerical modeling. It is provided to acclimate the new user to conceptualizing the modeling process, with discussion of specific considerations that may impact model design and program performance.

• General Approach
• General Solution Procedure, Illustrated
• 2D vs. 3D Models
• Modeling Data-Limited Systems
• Modeling Chaotic Systems
• Localization, Physical Instability, and Path-Dependence
• Factor of Safety
  • Factor of Safety Defined
  • Computational Methods for Factor of Safety Calculation of Slopes
    • Strength Reduction Technique
    • Limit Analysis
    • Limit Equilibrium
    • Relation of Strength Reduction Method to Limit Equilibrium and Limit Analysis
  • Strength Reduction Procedure in FLAC3D and 3DEC
    • Strength Reduction Properties
      • Mohr-Coulomb Material
      • Ubiquitous-Joint Material
      • Hoek-Brown Material
      • Interfaces (FLAC3D)
      • Coulomb Joints (3DEC)
  • Example Factor of Safety Calculations using the Strength Reduction Method
    • In 3DEC
      • Example: FOS Calculations Using the Strength Reduction Method
        • Failure Modes of a Simple Slope in Jointed Mohr-Coulomb Material
      • Verification: Tests for a Simple Slope in Hoek-Brown Material
        • Factor of Safety with respect to Shear Strength
      • Factor of Safety Contours
    • In FLAC3D
      • Failure of a Slope with a Complex Surface Profile in a Mohr-Coulomb Material
      • Influence of Slope Curvature on Stability
      • Simple Slope in Hoek-Brown Material
      • Automatic Calculation of a Stable Pit Slope Angle
      • Factor of Safety Contours
  • References
• Code-Specific Considerations
  • 2D vs. 3D models in PFC
  • Particle Shape in PFC
• References