Shell Structural Elements

Note that shell structural elements are based on the Shell-Type Structural Element and share the underlying formulation and implementation.

Mechanical Behavior

The mechanical behavior of each shell structural element can be divided into the structural response of the shell material itself (see Mechanical Behavior), and the way in which the shell element interacts with the grid. Shell elements may be rigidly connected to the grid such that stresses develop within the shell as the grid deforms; however, more generalized grid connections are available with geogrid and liner elements.

Response Quantities

Shell element responses include stress resultants and stresses actiing in the shell. See Response Quantities.

Properties

Each shell element possesses 4 properties, there are also common to geogrid and liner elements and are documented in Shell-Type Properties.

Example Applications

Simple examples are given to illustrate the use of shells.

• Simple Beam — Two Equal Concentrated Loads — Shell Elements
• Cantilever Beam with Applied Moment at Tip — Shell Elements
• Plastic Hinge Formation in a Shell Structure
• Isotropic Rectangular Plate with Applied Pressure
• Advancing Lined Tunnel (Rigidly Connected to Zones)

A complete list of examples that use shell elements is available in Structural Shell Examples.

Commands & FISH

• Commands
• FISH Functions