Isotropic Rectangular Plate with Applied Pressure

Problem Statement

Note

To view this project in FLAC3D, use the menu command Help ► Examples…. Choose “Structure/Shell/PlateAppliedPressure” and select “PlateAppliedPressure.f3prj” to load. The main data files used are shown at the end of this example. The remaining data files can be found in the project.

An isotropic rectangular plate (4 m by 8 m) is simply supported along its edges. The solution for bending and deflection of the plate when subjected to a uniform pressure, p, is given by Ugural (1981, pp. 66-73). The maximum deflection, \(w_{\rm max}\), occurs at the plate center and equals

\[w_{\rm max} = {\delta_1 p a^4 \over D}\]

The maximum bending stress resultants also occur at the plate center and equal

\[\begin{split}\begin{align} M_x &= \delta_3 p a^2 \\ M_y &= \delta_2 p a^2 \end{align}\end{split}\]

where:	a	= short length of plate;
	D	= flexural rigidity = \({Et^3\over12(1-\nu^2)}\) (E is Young’s modulus=, \(\nu\) is Poisson’s ratio, and t is plate thickness); and
	\(\delta_1\) , \(\delta_2\) , \(\delta_3\)	= coefficients from Table 3.1 of Ugural (1981) (\(\delta_1\) = 0.01013, \(\delta_2\) = 0.1017, \(\delta_3\) = 0.0464).

The following shell properties are specified:

thickness (\(t\))	0.3 m
Young’s modulus (\(E\))	30 GPa
Poisson’s ratio (\(\nu\))	0.30

For an applied pressure of 240 kPa, the plate oriented such that a = 4 m (aligned with the y-axis), and the long dimension of the plate aligned with the x-axis, the maximum plate deflection is \(w_{\rm max}\) = 8.39 mm, and the maximum bending stress resultants are \(M_x\) = 178 kN and \(M_y\) = 391 kN (where the surface coordinate system in which \(M_x\) and \(M_y\) are expressed is aligned with the global system).

The FLAC3D model consists of 64 shell elements, as shown in Figure 1. Only half of the plate is modeled; a symmetry plane is prescribed at half the long dimension (at x = 4). The nodes along the symmetry edge have their x-velocities and y- and z-rotations fixed. The other three edges have only their z-velocities fixed to simulate simple supports. (Although the proper classical plate theory boundary condition for a simple support also includes constraining rotation about an axis in the plane of the plate directed normal to the edge, such classical boundary conditions tend to overconstrain the mesh and produce results that are too stiff (Cook 1989, p. 332).) The pressure loading is applied with the structure shell apply command. A cross-diagonal mesh pattern is utilized to ensure symmetric response, and the DKT Plate Bending Element is also utilized. The same results would be produced if either of the shell finite elements were used, because no membrane loading occurs.

Figure 1: FLAC3D model for rectangular plate problem.

The displacement field is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 2. The maximum plate deflection occurs at the plate center and equals 8.224 mm, which is within 2% of the theoretical value.

Contours of the bending stress resultants \(M_x\) and \(M_y\) are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The exact values computed at the plate center of \(M_x\) and \(M_y\) are 182 kN and 396 kN, respectively, which are both within 2.3% of the analytical values.

Figure 2: Deformed (magnification of 100) shape of rectangular plate.

Figure 3: Contours of plate deflection.

Figure 4: Contour of bending stress resultant \(M_x\).

Figure 5: Contour of bending stress resultant \(M_y\).

References

Cook, R. D., D. S. Malkus and M. E. Plesha. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, Third Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1989).

Ugural, A. C. Stresses in Plates and Shells. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Inc. (1981).

Data File

PlateAppliedPressure.f3dat

model new
model largestrain off
model title "Rectangular plate with applied pressure"
; Create shell elements and set properties
struct shell create by-quadrilateral (0,0,0) (4,0,0) (4,4,0) (0,4,0) size (4,4) ...
                                    element-type=dkt cross-diagonal
struct shell property isotropic=(30e9, 0.3) thick=0.3
; Bounday conditions
struct node fix velocity-z range position-y 4 ; Simply supported condition
struct node fix velocity-z range position-x 0
struct node fix velocity-z range position-y 0
struct node fix velocity-x rotation-y rotation-z range position-x 4 ; Symmetry condition
; Applied Pressure
struct shell apply -240e3
; Solve
model solve ratio-local=1e-6
model save 'PlateAppliedPressure'