3DEC Theory and Background

This volume contains background information and descriptions of the theoretical basis for the basic components of 3DEC.

• Background — the 3D Distinct Element Method
  • Aspects of Modeling a Discontinuous System
  • Numerical Formulation of the Distinct Element Method in 3D
  • References
• Constitutive Models in 3DEC
  • Block Constitutive Models
  • Zone Constitutive Models
  • Creep Material Models
  • Joint Constitutive Models
  • Writing New Constitutive Models
• Structural Elements
  • Introduction
  • Rock Reinforcement
  • Local Reinforcement at Joints (sel reinforcement command)
  • Hybrid Bolts (sel hybrid command)
  • Modeling Considerations
  • References
• Fluid-Mechanical Interaction
  • Introduction
  • Pore Pressure and Effective Stress
  • Matrix Fluid Flow
  • Joint Fluid Flow
  • Proppant
  • Fluid Flow Properties and Units
• Factor-of-Safety Calculation
• Energy Calculation
  • Introduction
  • Energy Balance
  • Calculation of Individual Energy Components
  • References
• Isolated Block Stability Method
  • Introduction
  • Description of the Method
  • Example Applications
  • References
• Structural Finite Elements
  • Element Formulation
  • Element Implementation in 3DEC
  • Contact Forces
  • Application of Boundary Loads and Velocities
  • Solution Algorithm
  • Generation and Use of FE Blocks
  • Shape Functions and Derivatives
  • Commands and Keywords for Finite Element Blocks
  • Verification: Cantilever Beam
  • Example: Tunnel Liner
  • Example of Creating a Finite Element Base Model of a Dam in 3DEC
• References